ø	Diameter
AKT	Protein kinase B
ALP	Alkaline phosphatase
BAD	Bcl-2-associated death promoter
TpBCL2	B-cell lymphoma 2
Bglap	Osteocalcin gene
BMD	Bone mineral density
BMM	Bone marrow monocytes
BMP	Bone morphogenetic protein
BS/BV	Bone surface/bone volume
BV	Bone volume
BV/TV	Bone volume/tissue volume
Calcr	Calcitonin receptor gene
CAT	Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
Catk	Cathepsin k gene
CB	Cannabinoid receptor
CCL	C–C motif chemokine ligand
CCR	C–C motif chemokine receptor
CD	Cluster of differentiation
CE	Aluminia ceramic
CGRPR1	Calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor
CHIT1	Chitinase 1
CHOP	C/EBP homologous protein
CM	Conditioned medium
Cnr2	Cannabinoid receptor type 2 gene
COLL I	Collagen type I
COMP	Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein
COX	Cyclooxygenase
CREB	cAMP response element-binding protein
CSF1	Colony stimulating factor 1
CXCL	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand
CXCR	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor
CYS1	Cystin 1
DAP12	TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein
DC-STAMP	Dendritic cells (DC)-specific transmembrane protein
DKK	Dickkopf-related protein
E	Estrogen
ERK	Extracellular signal–regulated kinases
FAM213	Family with sequence similarity 213 Member A
FB	Fibroblasts
FGFR	Receptor of fibroblast growth factor
Gpx	Glutathione peroxidase
GR	Glutathione reductase
HA	Hydroxyapatite
HDP	High density polyethylene
HPRT1	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1
IGF	Insulin-like growth factor
IL	Interleukin
Il	Interleukin gene
Il1ra	Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene
iNOS	Inducible nitric oxide synthase
IRE-1	Inositol-requiring kinase 1
KREMEN1	Kringle containing transmembrane
LDH	Lactate dehydrogenase
Lrp5	Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 gene
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MCP-1	Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
MD2	Myeloid differentiation protein-2
MhcII	Major histocompatibility complex class II
MIP-1α	Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha
MMP	Matrix metalloprotease
MRC	Mannose receptor C
MSC	Mesenchymal stem cells
MSK	Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase
Myd	Myeloid differentiation primary response gene
Nell1	Neural EGFL like 1
Nfatc1	Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 gene
Nfκb	Nuclear factor κ-B
NO	Nitric oxide
NOD	Nodulation factor
NP	Nanoparticles
OA	Osteoarthritis
OB	Osteoblasts
OC	Osteoclasts
OCN	Osteonectin
OPG	Osteoprotegerin
OPN	Osteopontin
OSCAR	Osteoclast-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor
Vegf	Vascular endothelial growth factor gene
P2RY1	Purinergic receptor P2Y1
P2RY6	Pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6
Pdgf	Platelet derived growth factor gene
PGE2	Prostaglandin E2
PIK3CB	Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta
PIK3R2	Phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit
PMMA	Poly methyl methacrilate
Ptges	Prostaglandin E synthase gene
pz	Patients
RANK	Receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B
RANKL	Receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
Rpl19	Ribosomal protein L19 gene
Runx2	Runt-related transcription factor 2 gene
SF	Synovial fibroblasts
SFRP1	Secreted frizzled related protein
SOCS3	Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
SOST	Sclerostin
SOX9	Sry-related HMG box
Sp7	Osterix gene
SPP1	Secreted phosphoprotein 1
SQSTM1	Sequestosome 1
SSA	Sagittal suture area
TAK	Transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase
Tb.Th	Trabecular thickness
THA	Total hip arthroplasty
THR	Total hip replacement
Ti	Titanium
Ticam	Toll-like receptor adaptor molecule gene
TiO2-M	Micro-sized titanium dioxide particles
TiO2-N	Nano-sized titanium dioxide particles
TIRAP	TIR domain containing adaptor protein
Tlr	toll-like receptor gene
Tnfrsf	TNF receptor superfamily gene
Tnfsf11	RANKL gene
Tnfrsf11b	Osteoprotegerin gene
Tnfrsf11a	RANK gene
TNFα	Tumor necrosis factor α
Tnf	Tumor necrosis factor α gene
TKR	Total knee replacement
TRAF	TNF receptor associated factor
TRAM	Translocation associated membrane protein
Trap	Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase gene
Trem	Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells gene
Trif	TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β gene
UHMWPE	Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene