uL3 contributes to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) defense in rCalu-6 cells. (A) Histogram quantifying ROS production in indicated cell lines after treatment with 5-FU. ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 vs. respective untreated cells set at 1; (B) Glutathione (GSH) content in Calu-6 cells and derivative sublines after treatment with 5-FU. The quantification of signals is shown. ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 vs. respective untreated cells set at 1; (C) Changes in cystine uptake after incubation of indicated cells with 5-FU. ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 vs. respective untreated cells set at 1; (D) Evaluation of glutamate release in indicated cell lines after treatment with 5-FU. ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 vs. respective untreated cells set at 1; (E) uL3ΔCalu-6, rCalu-6, rCalu-6/uL3, rCalu-6/eL8, Calu-6/eL8 and Calu-6 cells were cultured with increasing concentrations of 5-FU for 48 h and cell growth was assessed by SRB colorimetric assay. Cell growth was expressed as the percentage of control for each time point. Ectopic expression of uL3 (rCalu-6/uL3 cells) abolished resistance to 5-FU. ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 vs. Calu 6 cells; (F) Representative image of the clonogenic analysis for cell proliferation of Calu-6, rCalu-6, and rCalu-6/uL3 after treatment with 10 μM 5-FU for 48 h.