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. 2017 Mar 8;18(3):584. doi: 10.3390/ijms18030584

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Inhibitory effects of elderberry (EB) and elderflower (EF) crude extracts (A,B); anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (C,D); flavonoids and phenolic acids (E,F); and metabolites (G,H) on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages (A,C,E,G) and dendritic D2SC/I cells (B,D,F,H). The experiments were repeated independently three times, and results shown are expressed as the average ± SEM. * p < 0.05 as compared to response of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0.1% DMSO) alone.

Inhibitory effects of elderberry (EB) and elderflower (EF) crude extracts (A,B); anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (C,D); flavonoids and phenolic acids (E,F); and metabolites (G,H) on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages (A,C,E,G) and dendritic D2SC/I cells (B,D,F,H). The experiments were repeated independently three times, and results shown are expressed as the average ± SEM. * p < 0.05 as compared to response of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0.1% DMSO) alone.