Table 1.

Summary of the effects of ghrelin on adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

Experimental Models	Key Findings	References
C57Bl/6 mice	Ghrelin increased BrdU+ and DCX+ cells. Anti-ghrelin antibody decreased BrdU+ and DCX+ cells.	Moon et al., 2009 [20]
Ghrelin knockout mice	Targeted deletion of ghrelin gene decreased PCNA+, Ki-67+, BrdU+, BrdU+/DCX+, and BrdU+/NeuN+ cells, which were increased by ghrelin replacement.	Li et al., 2013 [24]
Spontaneous dwarf rats	Ghrelin increased PCNA+, BrdU+, and DCX+ cells.	Li et al., 2013 [30]
5XFAD (Alzheimer’s disease model) mice	Ghrelin increased BrdU+, HH3+, and calretinin+ cells.	Moon et al., 2014 [23]
C57Bl/6 mice	Ghrelin increased BrdU+, BrdU+/DCX+, and BrdU+/NeuN+ cells.	Zhao et al., 2014 [21]
Ghrelin knockout mice	Dietary restriction increased survival of newly generated cells in wild-type mice, but not in ghrelin knockout mice.	Kim et al., 2015 [39]
Lister Hooded rats	Ghrelin increased BrdU+, DCX+, and BrdU+/NeuN+ cells.	Kent et al., 2015 [22]
Adult rat hippocampal neural stem cells	Ghrelin increased 3[H] incorporation.	Johansson et al., 2008 [53]
Adult rat hippocampal neural stem cells	Ghrelin increased the proliferation through the activation of GHS-R1a. MEK/ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β, PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K, and Jaks/STAT3 signaling pathways were involved in ghrelin-induced proliferative effects.	Chung et al., 2013 [54]
Adult rat hippocampal neural stem cells	Ghrelin increased expression of genes that promote the cell cycle, while inhibiting expression of negative regulators of the cell cycle.	Chung and Park, 2016 [58]