Table 1.
Elicitors and plant activators approved in the European Union *.
| Active Substance (ID) ^ | Date of Approval | Classification GHS ‡ | MRLs ** | Toxicological Information | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADI # (mg/kg bw/d) § | ArfD # (mg/kg bw) | AOE # (mg/kg bw/d) | ||||
| Elicitors | ||||||
| Chitosan hydrochloride (1096) |
01/07/2014 | No classification | No MRL required | NA † | NA | NA |
| Fructose (2375) |
01/10/2015 | No classification | No MRL required | NA | NA | NA |
| Heptamaloxylglucan (1449) |
01/06/2010 | No classification | No MRL required | NA | NA | NA |
| Laminarin (1510) |
01/04/2005 | No classification | No MRL required | NA | NA | NA |
| Pepino Mosaic Virus strain CH2 isolate 1906 (2315) |
07/08/2015 | No classification | No MRL required | NA | NA | NA |
| Sucrose (2340) |
01/01/2015 | No classification | No MRL required | NA | NA | NA |
| Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus weak strain (2020) |
01/06/2013 | No classification | No MRL required | NA | NA | NA |
| Plant activators | ||||||
| Acibenzolar-S-methyl (benzothiadiazole) (914) |
01/04/2016 | Skin corrosion/irritation Category 2 (H315) Skin sensitisation Category 1 (H317) Serious eye damage/irritation Category 2 (H319) Specific target organ toxicity single exposure Category 3 (H335) Hazardous to aquatic environment short term/acute Category 1 (H400) Hazardous to aquatic environment long term/chronic Category (H410) |
MRLs required ¥ | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Cerevisane (2301) |
23/04/2015 | No classification | No MRL required | NA | NA | NA |
* Source: EU Pesticide database (http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/eu-pesticides-database) retrieved on January 20th 2017; ^ Identification number; ‡ Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals; ** Minimum Residue Levels; # ADI: acceptable daily intake; ARfD: acute reference dose; AOEL: acceptable operator exposure level; § bw: body weight; d: day; † NA: not applicable; ¥ Sum of acibenzolar-S-methyl and acibenzolar acid (free and conjugated).