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. 2017 Mar 20;18(3):668. doi: 10.3390/ijms18030668

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Effect of hydroxytyrosol (HTyr, or HT) and HT metabolites on E-selectin, P-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and MCP-1 protein secretion in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) stimulated by TNF-α after 24 h. Human aortic endothelial cells were co-incubated with HT or HT metabolites at 1, 2, 5, and 10 μM and TNF-α (10 ng/mL) for 24 h. (A) Effect of HT or HT metabolites on E-selectin protein secretion. (B) Effect of HT or HT metabolites on P-selectin protein secretion. (C) Effect of HT or HT metabolites on VCAM-1 protein secretion. (D) Effect of HT or HT metabolites on ICAM-1 protein secretion. (E) Effect of HT or HT metabolites on MCP-1 protein secretion. Results are expressed as the percentage of soluble cellular adhesion molecules or chemokine protein secretion adjusted by total cellular protein and standard error of the mean (SEM; error bars). *, P < 0.05 versus TNF-α alone. †, P < 0.05 compared between HT and HT metabolites at the same concentration. Figure reproduced with permission from Catalán et al. [13]. TCP: Tissue culture plate; TNF-α: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha; VCAM-1: Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1; MCP-1: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1.