Figure 4.
Sulfur delivery to the U34 in cy-tRNAs and for molybdopterin (MPT) biosynthesis in eukaryotes. Multicellular eukaryotes (human and plant) possess two types of ubiquitin-like (UBL proteins, for MoCo biosynthesis, and for the thio-modification of tRNA, both of which associate with the common Uba4/MOCS3-type UBA proteins (left panel). On the other hand, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains no MoCo biosynthesis-related proteins and only Urm1 for thio-modification of tRNAs associates to Uba4 (right panel). Sulfur atoms to be delivered are shown with filled circles.