| UPS | Proteasome-ubiquitin system |
| CKD | Chronic kidney disease |
| ESRD | End-stage renal disease |
| HBV | High biological value |
| IS | Indoxyl sulfate |
| pCS | p-Cresyl sulfate |
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride |
| H2SO4 | Sulfuric acid |
| H3PO4 | Phosphoric acids |
| NaHCO3 | Sodium bicarbonate |
| TWEAK | TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis |
| IL-1 | Interleukin-1 |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| NF-kappa B | Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells |
| SOCS3 | Suppressor of cytokine signaling |
| IRS-1 | Insulin receptor substrate 1 |
| GH-IGF-IGFBP | Growth factor-insulin-like-growth factor binding protein |
| IGF-1 | Insulin like growth factor-1 |
| KDOQI | Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative |
| PEW | Protein-energy wasting |
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