Table 1.
Individual characteristics of 51,043 participants of the NutriNet-Santé study (2014), according to gender.
| Variables | All (n = 51,043) | Men (n = 11,929) | Women (n = 39,144) | p 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) 2 | 50.5 (14.6) | 55.9 (14.1) | 48.8 (14.3) | <0.0001 |
| Age categories (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| (18–24) | 3.2 | 1.5 | 3.8 | |
| (25–39) | 23.3 | 14.8 | 25.8 | |
| (40–54) | 28.8 | 19.7 | 30.2 | |
| (55–64) | 24.8 | 23.3 | 24.8 | |
| 65+ | 19.9 | 40.6 | 15.4 | |
| Education level (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Primary | 2.5 | 3.1 | 2.3 | |
| Secondary | 30.1 | 32.4 | 29.4 | |
| University | 67.2 | 64.4 | 68.1 | |
| Missing data | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | |
| Smoking status (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Never smoker | 50.8 | 41.5 | 53.6 | |
| Former smoker | 36.0 | 46.5 | 32.8 | |
| Current smoker | 13.2 | 12.0 | 13.5 | |
| Missing data | <0.1 | 0.0 | <0.1 | |
| Alcohol intake (g/day) 2 | 7.0 (9.9) | 12.6 (14.0) | 5.3 (7.4) | <0.0001 |
| Physical activity (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Low | 35.5 | 44.7 | 32.6 | |
| Moderate | 41.7 | 35.8 | 43.4 | |
| High | 22.7 | 19.3 | 23.8 | |
| Missing data | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | |
| Occupational status (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Unemployed | 9.6 | 4.4 | 11.2 | |
| Student | 2.8 | 1.3 | 3.2 | |
| Self-employed, farmer | 2.0 | 2.3 | 1.9 | |
| Employee, manual worker | 15.4 | 8.2 | 17.7 | |
| Managerial staff, intellectual profession | 23.5 | 26.3 | 22.7 | |
| Intermediate professions | 15.9 | 10.7 | 17.5 | |
| Retired | 30.8 | 46.9 | 25.9 | |
| Missing data | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | |
| Monthly income per household unit (%) 3 | <0.0001 | |||
| Less than 900 € | 7.1 | 4.7 | 7.8 | |
| Between 900 € and 1200 € | 4.6 | 3.4 | 4.9 | |
| Between 1200 € and 1800 € | 21.4 | 19.7 | 22.0 | |
| Between 1800 € and 2300 € | 15.0 | 14.1 | 15.3 | |
| Between 2300 € and 2700 € | 10.0 | 11.3 | 9.6 | |
| Between 2700 € and 3700 € | 16.9 | 20.3 | 15.8 | |
| More than 3700 € | 12.2 | 17.4 | 10.6 | |
| Unwilling to answer | 12.2 | 8.8 | 13.2 | |
| Missing data | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.8 | |
| Matrimonial status (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Living alone | 13.9 | 10.7 | 14.9 | |
| Living with a partner | 20.6 | 16.8 | 21.7 | |
| Married | 53.5 | 63.9 | 50.3 | |
| Divorced, separated, widowed | 12.0 | 8.4 | 13.1 | |
| Missing data | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) 2 | 24.0 (4.5) | 25.1 (3.8) | 23.6 (4.7) | <0.0001 |
| Nutritional status (%) | <0.0001 4 | |||
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 5.0 | 1.0 | 6.2 | |
| Normal (18.5–24.99 kg/m2) | 62.4 | 54.2 | 64.9 | |
| Overweight (25–29.99 kg/m2) | 23.2 | 35.1 | 19.6 | |
| Obese (≥30 kg/m2) | 9.4 | 9.7 | 9.3 | |
| Obese Class I (30–34.99 kg/m2) | 6.5 | 7.5 | 6.2 | |
| Obese Class II (35–39.99 kg/m2) | 2.0 | 1.6 | 2.2 | |
| Obese Class III (≥40 kg/m2) | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.9 | |
| BIS-11 total score 2 | 58.7 (8.0) | 57.6 (8.0) | 59.1 (8.0) | <0.0001 |
Boldface indicates statistical significance; 1 Adjusted p values for multiple comparisons (Hochberg method) based on the Student’s t test and Pearson χ2 test, as appropriate; 2 Mean (SD); 3 The household income per month was calculated by consumption units (CU). The number of people of the household was converted into a number of CU according to a weighting system: one CU is attributed for the first adult in the household, 0.5 for other persons aged 14 or older and 0.3 for children under 14 [34]; 4 The test was performed for underweight, normal, overweight and global obesity categories.