Table 4.
Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hypertension according to 24 h estimated urinary factors obtained with Tanaka and Kawasaki formulas in sample 2.
| Urinary Factors | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | p-Trend | |
| Tanaka Formula | ||||
| 24HUNa (mEq/day) | 127.8 ± 16.8 1 | 163.4 ± 8.3 | 205.8 ± 29.7 | |
| Model 1 3 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.08 (0.89–1.30) 2 | 1.59 (1.33–1.91) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 4 | 1.00 (ref.) | 0.93 (0.76–1.13) | 1.21 (1.00–1.48) | 0.037 |
| 24HUK (mEq/day) | 33.8 ± 3.4 | 42.6 ± 2.5 | 55.6 ± 9.1 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (ref.) | 0.96 (0.79–1.15) | 1.19 (0.99–1.43) | 0.037 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (ref.) | 0.79 (0.65–0.97) | 0.89 (0.72–1.10) | 0.400 |
| 24HUNa-K ratio | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 3.8 ± 0.2 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (ref.) | 0.94 (0.79–1.13) | 1.14 (0.95–1.36) | 0.161 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (ref.) | 0.96 (0.79–1.18) | 1.22 (0.99–1.49) | 0.056 |
| Kawasaki Formula | ||||
| 24HUNa (mEq/day) | 158.0 ± 25.2 | 213.8 ± 13.5 | 286.4 ± 53.7 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.22 (1.01–1.47) | 1.57 (1.31–1.89) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.07 (0.88–1.31) | 1.27 (1.04–1.55) | 0.014 |
| 24HUK (mEq/day) | 41.8 ± 4.6 | 54.0 ± 3.4 | 73.3 ± 14.4 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (ref.) | 0.99 (0.82–1.20) | 1.14 (0.95–1.37) | 0.125 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (ref.) | 0.85 (0.70–1.05) | 0.88 (0.71–1.09) | 0.302 |
| 24HUNa-K ratio | 2.9 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 5.2 ± 0.7 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.06 (0.89–1.27) | 1.20 (1.00–1.44) | 0.046 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.11 (0.91–1.35) | 1.27 (1.04–1.56) | 0.022 |
T, tertile; 24HUNa, 24 h urinary Na; 24HUK, 24 h urinary K; 24HUNa-K Ratio, 24 h urinary Na-K ratio. 1 Mean ± standard deviation. 2 OR (95% CIs). 3 Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex. 4 Model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, BMI, energy intake, smoking status, regular exercise status, chronic disease prevalence status, recruitment area, and household income.