Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study subjects.
| Total (n = 3057) | Boys (n = 1625) | Girls (n = 1432) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 14.26 ± 0.06 | 14.26 ± 0.07 | 14.26 ± 0.09 | 0.965 |
| Height (cm) | 161.69 ± 0.25 | 165.25 ± 0.38 | 157.61 ± 0.25 | <0.001 ** |
| Weight (kg) | 54.80 ± 0.32 | 58.03 ± 0.49 | 51.10 ± 0.36 | <0.001 ** |
| BMI, (kg/m2) | 20.71 ± 0.08 | 20.96 ± 0.12 | 20.42 ± 0.11 | 0.001 ** |
| WC (cm) | 69.45 ± 0.22 | 71.33 ± 0.33 | 67.29 ± 0.29 | <0.001 ** |
| WHtR | 0.430 ± 0.00 | 0.432 ± 0.00 | 0.427 ± 0.00 | 0.038 * |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 107.22 ± 0.25 | 109.56 ± 0.34 | 104.54 ± 0.33 | <0.001 ** |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 66.33 ± 0.23 | 66.72 ± 0.32 | 65.88 ± 0.28 | 0.035 * |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 89.15 ± 0.18 | 89.49 ± 0.22 | 88.76 ± 0.22 | 0.006 ** |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 157.75 ± 0.66 | 153.03 ± 0.85 | 163.16 ± 0.87 | <0.001 ** |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 83.15 ± 1.22 | 81.67 ± 1.58 | 84.82 ± 1.64 | 0.135 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 49.97 ± 0.25 | 48.53 ± 0.29 | 51.62 ± 0.34 | <0.001 ** |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 91.92 ± 0.55 | 88.98 ± 0.73 | 95.28 ± 0.75 | <0.001 ** |
| Obesity (BMI percentile ≥95 or BMI ≥25 kg/m2) (%) | 12.0 (0.7) | 14.1 (1.1) | 9.7 (1.1) | 0.009 ** |
| Overweight (BMI percentile 85–94) (%) | 6.0 (0.5) | 4.4 (0.5) | 7.9 (0.8) | <0.001 ** |
| Normal weight (BMI percentile 5–84) (%) | 76.2 (0.9) | 75.6 (1.3) | 76.9 (1.3) | 0.519 |
| Underweight (BMI percentile <5) (%) | 5.8 (0.5) | 6.1 (0.8) | 5.5 (0.7) | 0.582 |
| Central obesity (WC ≥the 90th percentile) (%) | 8.9 (0.6) | 7.6 (0.8) | 10.5 (1.0) | 0.026 * |
| High BP (%) | 25.6 (1.0) | 26.7 (1.4) | 24.2 (1.3) | 0.166 |
| High FPG (%) | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.604 |
| High triglyceride (%) | 19.7 (1.0) | 20.3 (1.3) | 19.0 (1.3) | 0.435 |
| Low HDL cholesterol (%) | 14.5 (0.8) | 17.9 (1.2) | 10.7 (1.1) | <0.001 ** |
| At least one non-WC components of MS † (%) | 45.6 (1.2) | 48.4 (1.5) | 42.5 (1.6) | 0.005 ** |
| Two or more non-WC components of MS † (%) | 12. (0.8) | 14.4 (1.2) | 10.2 (1.0) | 0.007 ** |
| MS (%) | 6.2 (0.5) | 7.0 (0.8) | 5.2 (0.8) | 0.102 |
BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; WHtR: waist circumference-height ratio; BP: blood pressure; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HDL: high density lipoprotein; LDL: low density lipoprotein; MS: metabolic syndrome; Data expression as estimated mean ± standard error or estimated percent (standard error), as appropriate; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 (p-value were analyzed by chi-square test or t-test.); † The non-WC components of MS were defined according to modified National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria (1) triglycerides ≥110 mg/dL; (2) HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dL; (3) systolic or diastolic BP ≥90th percentile; (4) fasting plasma glucose level ≥110 mg/dL.