Table 2.
Association of plasma chromium concentrations with T2DM and pre-DM.
| Variables | Quartiles of Plasma Chromium Concentrations | Per 1 SD of Log-Plasma Chromium | p Value for Trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (Lowest) | 2 | 3 | 4 (Highest) | |||
| <3.04 μg/L | 3.04–3.96 μg/L | 3.96–5.22 μg/L | >5.22 μg/L | |||
| T2DM/NGT | ||||||
| Crude | 1 | 0.74 (0.62–0.89) | 0.74 (0.62–0.88) | 0.56 (0.46–0.67) | 0.86 (0.81–0.92) | <0.001 |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.70 (0.58–0.85) | 0.70 (0.58–0.85) | 0.53 (0.43–0.66) | 0.86 (0.80–0.92) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.67 (0.55–0.83) | 0.64 (0.51–0.79) | 0.58 (0.46–0.73) | 0.88 (0.82–0.95) | <0.001 |
| Pre-DM/NGT | ||||||
| Crude | 1 | 0.83 (0.66–1.05) | 0.78 (0.62–0.98) | 0.50 (0.38–0.64) | 0.88 (0.82–0.95) | <0.001 |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.73 (0.57–0.93) | 0.69 (0.54–0.89) | 0.52 (0.39–0.69) | 0.88 (0.81–0.96) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.70 (0.54–0.91) | 0.67 (0.52–0.88) | 0.58 (0.43–0.78) | 0.91 (0.83–0.99) | <0.001 |
| T2DM&Pre-DM/NGT | ||||||
| Crude | 1 | 0.77 (0.65–0.90) | 0.75 (0.64–0.88) | 0.54 (0.45–0.64) | 0.86 (0.81–0.91) | <0.001 |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.71 (0.60–0.85) | 0.71 (0.59–0.84) | 0.53 (0.44–0.64) | 0.86 (0.80–0.91) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.68 (0.57–0.82) | 0.66 (0.54–0.79) | 0.58 (0.47–0.71) | 0.88 (0.82–0.94) | <0.001 |
Model 1: adjusted for age, sex and BMI; Model 2: additionally adjusted for current smoking status, current alcohol drinking status, family history of diabetes and hypertension. Abbreviations: NGT: normal glucose tolerance; Pre-DM: pre-diabetes mellitus; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus.