Table 3.

Adjusted ORs for T2DM and pre-DM of plasma chromium in subgroups.

Participant	Quartiles of Plasma Chromium Concentrations				Per 1 SD Log-Plasma Cr	p for Interaction
	1 (Lowest)	2	3	4 (Highest)
	<3.04 μg/L	3.04–3.96 μg/L	3.96–5.22 μg/L	>5.22 μg/L
Subgroup
Age						<0.001
<45	1	1.00 (0.74–1.36)	1.08 (0.75–1.23)	0.45 (0.33–0.62)	0.88 (0.80–0.97)
≥45	1	0.56 (0.44–0.71)	0.47 (0.37–0.61)	0.85 (0.63–1.13)	0.90 (0.80–1.00)
Sex						0.706
Women	1	0.57 (0.42–0.81)	0.59 (0.42–0.81)	0.55 (0.39–0.79)	0.90 (0.80–1.01)
Men	1	0.76 (0.60–0.95)	0.69 (0.55–0.88)	0.59 (0.45–0.76)	0.87 (0.80–0.95)
BMI						0.424
<24	1	0.56 (0.43–0.74)	0.59 (0.45–0.77)	0.56 (0.41–0.74)	0.86 (0.79–0.95)
≥24	1	0.82 (0.63–1.06)	0.75 (0.57–0.97)	0.62 (0.47–0.83)	0.91 (0.82–1.00)
Smoking						0.195
No	1	0.69 (0.55–0.86)	0.68 (0.54–0.86)	0.69 (0.53–0.90)	0.93 (0.85–1.01)
Yes	1	0.68 (0.49–0.95)	0.61 (0.45–0.83)	0.44 (0.31–0.61)	0.81 (0.72–0.71)
Drinking alcohol						0.026
No	1	0.69 (0.55–0.87)	0.72 (0.57–0.91)	0.72 (0.56–0.93)	0.96 (0.88–1.05)
Yes	1	0.71 (0.51–0.99)	0.55 (0.40–0.76)	0.38 (0.26–0.54)	0.74 (0.65–0.84)
Hypertension						0.125
No	1	0.66 (0.53–0.82)	0.71 (0.57–0.89)	0.53 (0.41–0.67)	0.87 (0.80–0.94)
Yes	1	0.75 (0.53–1.07)	0.58 (0.41–0.82)	0.70 (0.48–1.02)	0.91 (0.79–1.04)
Overall	1	0.68 (0.57–0.82)	0.66 (0.54–0.79)	0.58 (0.47–0.71)	0.88 (0.82–0.94)

Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, current smoking status, current alcohol drinking status, family history of diabetes and hypertension.