Table 1.
Participant demographic and clinical parameters vs. human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 DNA status using oral rinse samples. DMFT, decayed, missing and filled teeth.
| Variable | HPV-16 DNA Positive (% within Variable) | HPV-16 DNA Negative (% within Variable) | Total Number (% within Total Population) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.328 | |||
| Male | 5 (3.6) | 132 (96.4) | 137 (61.4) | |
| Female | 5 (5.8) | 81 (94.2) | 86 (38.6) | |
| Age | 0.130 | |||
| 18–30 | 1 (1.9) | 52 (98.1) | 53 (23.8) | |
| 31–50 | 3 (2.8) | 103 (97.2) | 106 (47.5) | |
| 51–70 | 6 (10.0) | 54 (90.0) | 60 (26.9) | |
| 71–90 | 0 (0) | 4 (100.00) | 4 (1.8) | |
| Race | 1.000 | |||
| Caucasian | 6 (3.6) | 160 (96.4) | 166 (78.3) | |
| Asian | 0 (0) | 26 (100.0) | 26 (12.3) | |
| South Asian | 0 (0) | 10 (100.0) | 10 (4.7) | |
| Aborigine/Pacific Islander | 0 (0) | 4 (100.0) | 4 (1.9) | |
| African | 0 (0) | 1 (100.0) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Latino | 0 (0) | 4 (100.0) | 4 (1.9) | |
| Other | 0 (0) | 1 (100.0) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Smoking | 0.595 | |||
| Never Smoker | 2 (2.1) | 95 (97.9) | 97 (45.8) | |
| Former Smoker | 4 (5.7) | 66 (94.3) | 70 (33.0) | |
| Current Daily Smoker <15 | 0 (0) | 26 (100.00) | 26 (12.3) | |
| Current Daily Smoker 15–24 | 0 (0) | 12 (100.0) | 12 (5.7) | |
| Current Daily Smoker 25–34 | 0 (0) | 1 (100.0) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Current Daily Smoker >35 | 0 (0) | 1 (100.0) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Current Non Daily Smoker | 0 (0) | 5 (100.0) | 5 (2.4) | |
| Alcohol consumption | 0.147 | |||
| Non Drinker | 1 (1.8) | 54 (98.2) | 55 (29.3) | |
| Infrequent Drinker | 3 (8.6) | 32 (91.4) | 35 (18.6) | |
| Regular Drinker (<1/day for F, <2/day for M) | 1 (1.3) | 77 (98.7) | 78 (41.5) | |
| Regular Drinker (>1/day for F, >2/day for M) | 1 (5.0) | 19 (95.0) | 20 (10.6) | |
| Plaque | 0.262 | |||
| Nil | 0 (0) | 3 (100.0) | 3 (1.4) | |
| Mild | 4 (3.6) | 108 (96.4) | 112 (50.9) | |
| Moderate | 6 (8.1) | 68 (91.9) | 74 (33.6) | |
| Severe | 0 (0) | 31 (100.0) | 31 (14.1) | |
| Calculus (Supra-gingival) | 0.182 | |||
| Nil | 0 (0) | 3 (100.0) | 3 (1.4) | |
| Mild | 2 (1.9) | 106 (98.1) | 108 (49.1) | |
| Moderate | 6 (7.3) | 76 (92.7) | 82 (37.3) | |
| Severe | 2 (7.4) | 25 (92.6) | 27 (12.3) | |
| Calculus (Sub-gingival) | 0.608 | |||
| Nil | 1 (4.5) | 21 (95.5) | 22 (10.0) | |
| Mild | 3 (3.1) | 95 (96.9) | 98 (44.5) | |
| Moderate | 4 (5.6) | 68 (94.4) | 72 (32.7) | |
| Severe | 2 (7.1) | 26 (92.9) | 28 (12.7) | |
| Oral Hygiene | 0.233 | |||
| Good to Excellent | 3 (2.9) | 99 (97.1) | 102 (46.4) | |
| Poor to Fair | 7 (5.9) | 111 (94.1) | 118 (53.6) | |
| DMFT | 0.259 | |||
| 0–9 | 6 (7.6) | 73 (92.4) | 79 (35.9) | |
| 10–19 | 2 (2.1) | 92 (97.9) | 94 (42.7) | |
| 20–28 | 2 (4.3) | 45 (95.7) | 47 (21.4) | |
| Periodontal Status | 0.367 | |||
| Non-Periodontal-Diseased | 7 (5.3) | 124 (94.7) | 131 (59.5) | |
| Periodontal Diseased | 3 (3.4) | 86 (96.6) | 89 (40.5) | |