Figure 4.

Dissociation of detected and missed cues in the local field potential. A, B, Top, Changes in spectral activity from individual detected and missed cue trials for a representative animal. Spectrograms from a single detected trial (A) and a missed trial (B) from the same recording session are shown, with the cue and reward periods magnified below, noted by the red and black bars, respectively. The first second after reward delivery is shaded black, with the dashed lines representing the reward availability window. The color scale to the right indicates amplitude. When cues were detected, we noted a prominent increase in high-frequency power, particularly in gamma frequency ranges (e.g., >30 Hz), that persisted for several seconds and was reliably observed across individual trials. Changes in LFP power coincided with cue detection in lower-frequency bands (<20 Hz) with different temporal profiles (A). Such changes high-frequency power were not apparent when cues were missed (B), or when reward was presented on either trial type.