Fig. 1.

Integrated automated multiorgan-on-a-chip and sensing platform. (A) Schematic of a full system where the multiorgan-on-a-chip platform was encased in an in-house designed benchtop incubator, and of automated pneumatic valve controller, electronics for operating physical sensors, potentiostat for measuring electrochemical signals, and computer for central programmed integration of all of the commands. (B) Schematic of the integrated microfluidic device consisting of modular components including microbioreactors, breadboard, reservoir, bubble trap, physical sensors, and electrochemical biosensors. Inset shows the photograph of an integrated platform.