Fig. 6.

Automated in-line sensing of DOX-induced organoid toxicity from heart-liver-cancer-on-chips. (A) Schematic diagram of biomimetic human heart-liver-cancer-on-chips. (B) Live/dead staining of the liver cancer organoids post treatment with 0, 5, and 25 µM DOX, at the end of 24 h. The drugs were introduced into the system from time 0. (C) Normalized cell viability in the presence of DOX from 6 to 24 h. (D and E) In-line automated electrochemical measurements of albumin and GST-α secreted from the liver cancer organoids. (F) Live/dead staining of the cardiac organoids at the end of 24 h. (G) In-line automated electrochemical measurements of CK-MB from the cardiac organoids. (H) Beating analysis of the cardiac organoids.