Table 3.

The Relationship between the Characteristics of Mentored Career Development (KL2) Scholars and Their Transition to Independent Research Funding

	Received an independent research award?a				Odds ratiob	95% confidence interval
	No		Yes
Characteristic	no.	%	no.	%
Clinical and PhD trainingc
Clinician, no PhD	233	65.4	106	56.4	1	ref
Clinician with PhD	76	21.3	47	25.0	1.17	0.69 – 1.96
Non-clinician PhD	47	13.2	35	18.6	2.05	1.11 – 3.78
Pursued MS or PhD during KL2 training
No	198	55.9	127	67.6	1	ref
Yes	156	44.1	61	32.4	0.83	0.49 – 1.41
Sex
Male	165	46.2	91	47.9	1	ref
Female	192	53.8	99	52.1	0.87	0.57 – 1.31
URM statusd
Not URM	305	86.2	167	90.8	1	ref
URM	49	13.8	17	9.2	0.81	0.42 – 1.58
When completed KL2 training
Within the last 2 years	131	36.8	40	21.2	1	ref
2–3 years earlier	127	35.7	91	48.2	2.47	1.46 – 4.16
4+ years earlier	98	27.5	58	30.7	2.51	1.40 – 4.51

^aDefined as the principal investigator (PI) of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01 award, PI of a project within an NIH program project or right award (e.g., P01), or PI of an independent, externally-funded, non-NIH, peer-reviewed research project of 3 or more years duration. Does not include mentored research awardsor industry-funded trials.

^bOdds ratios are from a mixed effects regression analysis, which treated the institution as a random effect and included all variables listed in this table as covariates.

^cDefined as training prior to appointment as a KL2 scholar.

^dUnderrepresented in medicine (URM) includes Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiianor Pacific Islander, and Hispanic or Latino.