Table 1. Species-specific primer sets, annealing temperature and expected amplicon size (pb) used in diagnostic-PCR amplifications for detection of gut microbes isolated from resistant larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda in the gut of a susceptible strain.

Symbiont	Primer (5’– 3’)	Annealing (°C)	Amplicon (bp)
Enterococcus casseliflavusabcd	Ec-1: ATGGAAGAAAGTTGAAAGGCG Ec-2: AAGGGGAAGCTCTATCTCTAG	56	820
Enterococcus mundtiiabde	Em-1: ATGGTTTCGTTTTGAAAGGCG Em-2: AGGGGTGAACAGTTACTCTC	56	285
Delftia lacustrisa	Da-1: ACTGGTTGTTGGGAATTAGTTTTC Da-2: TGTGTGCAGGTTCTCTTTC	56	211
Leclercia adecarboxylataa	La-1: ATCAGATGTGCCCAGATGG La-2: CAAGGGAACAACCTCCAAG	58	601
Microbacterium paraoxydansa	Mp-1: ATACTGGATATGTGACGTGAC Mp-2: ACTAGTTCCCAACGTTTACG	56	644
Pseudomonas stutzerib	Ps-1: GCAGTAAGTTAATACCTTGCTG Ps-2: ACCCTCTGCCATACTCTAG	56	196
Arthrobacter nicotinovoransc	An-1: TCAACTCCGGTTCTGCAGT An-2: AGGTCTTTCCGGTTCATGTC	56	374
Pseudomonas psychrotoleransd	Pp-1: AGGAAGGGCTCATAGCGAATACC Pp-2: CTACCGCACTCTAGCCAGACA	58	197
Microbacterium arborescense	Ma-1: GGTCAGTAGCTGGAAAGAAT Ma-2: GTTTCCAGACGTTTCCTCTATA	56	804
Staphylococcus sciuri subsp. sciurie	Ss-1: TCGGCTGTCACTTATAGATGG Ss-2: CCGTCAAGACTTGTTCAGTTA	56	254

Superscript letters indicate the insecticide the host strain was resistant to: ^achlorpyrifos ethyl, ^blambda-cyhalothrin, ^cdeltamethrin, ^dspinosad and ^elufenuron.