. 2017 Mar 30;12(3):e0174754. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174754

Table 3. Natural (ND), bacterial (BD) and total (TD) degradation of lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos ethyl, lufenuron and spinosad (spinosyn A e D) after 5 days of cultivation of bacterial isolates from the larval gut of insecticide-resistant lines of Spodoptera frugiperda.

Insecticide	Isolate	Degradation (±SE, n = 3)
Insecticide	Isolate	TD %	ND %	BD %^*
Lambda-cyhalothrin	IIL-Lc09 –P. stutzeri	46.5 ± 7.2	9.3 ± 3.7^b	37.2 ± 3.9^a
Deltamethrin	IIL-Dm05 –A. nicotinovorans	59.6 ± 6.1	4.7 ± 4.6^b	54.9 ± 9.3^a
Chlorpyrifos ethyl	IIL-Cl29 –L. adecarboxylata	31.0 ± 9.8	4.0 ± 1.2^b	27.0 ± 8.7^a
Lufenuron	IIL-Luf14 –M. arborescens	38.0 ± 16.7	0.0 ± 0.0^b	38.0 ± 16.7^a
Spinosyn A	IIL-Sp19 –P. psychrotolerans	48.6 ± 10.3	2.8 ± 1.4^b	45.8 ± 11.6^a
Spinosyn D	IIL-Sp19 –P. psychrotolerans	81.0 ± 7.2	3.8 ± 1.9^b	77.2 ± 9.2^a

*BD% = TD%—ND%; means followed by different letters within lines indicates the bacterial degradation differs from the natural degradation using t test (p≤0.01)