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. 2017 Mar 30;12(3):e0174779. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174779

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© 2017 O’Dea et al

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Fig 2 — (A) The spray instrument comprised of an air compressor that delivered compressed air to an atomizer which was held in position on a retort stand. The culture plate was positioned on a stage below the atomizer. The atomizer could be moved vertically to adjust the distance between the atomizer and the cells. The air pressure levels could also be adjusted. Insert shows the atomizer and spray. (B) 10 kDa dextran-Alexa488 uptake was apparent in A549 cells and uptake was evenly distributed across the cell monolayer. (C) Delivery efficiency levels in A549 cells. Also LDH release was similar to PBS pipette controls. No delivery was observed in controls where 10 kDa dextran-Alexa488 was delivered in PBS using a micropipette. (D) A range of low and high molecular weight dextrans were successfully delivered to A549 cells using the method, 10x magnification. n = 3, data are depicted as the mean ± standard deviation. (LDH = lactate dehydrogenase).