Table 1.

Biomarkers associated with fatigue in patients with identified diseases or syndromes (other than CFS/ME) and selected from recent studies

Disease associated with fatigue	Biomarker associated with fatigue	Reference
Sjögren's syndrome	>IL-1Ra in CSF	Harboe et al, 2009
Rheumatoid arthritis	>Stimulated production of IL-6	Davis et al, 2008
	Depression & anxiety	Stebbings, et al, 2010
	Absence of RF; >DAS-28; >pain	van Hoogmoed, et al, 2010
Systemic lupus erythematosus	>Serum IFNα	Lee et al, 2010
	>CRP	Rezaieyazdi, et al, 2011
Inflammatory bowel disease	>CRP	Graff et al, 2010
	Hemoglobin; GI symptoms; altered sleep	Jesness-Jorgensen, 2011
Multiple sclerosis	>Frequency of TNFα	Gold, et al, 2011
	>TNFα mRNA in T cells	Flachenecker et al, 2006
	Post exercise >β-1 & β-2 adrenergic & < TLR4 by gene expression	White, et al, 2012
Obstructive sleep apnea	> Plasma sTNFRI	Al-shair, et al, 2011
Hypoxia	Sickness behavior	Sherry, et al, 2009
	>Plasma L-1β & IL-1R1	Basu, et al, 2005
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	>Plasma TNFα	Mills, et al, 2008
Breast cancer before treatment	>CMV antibody titers	Fagundes, et al, 2012
Breast cancer soon after treatment	>sTNFRll	Bower et al, 2011b
Breast & prostate cancer with radiation	>Plasma CRP & IL-1Ra	Bower, et al, 2009
Advanced cancer	>Plasma IL-6, TNFα	Kwak et al, 2011
	>Plasma cortisol, ACTH, epinephrine & norepinephrine.	Thornton, et al, 2010
Non-small cell lung cancer with concurrent chemoradiation	>Plasma IL-6, IL-10 & sTNF-R1	Wang, et al, 2010
Testicular cancer, long term survivors	>Plasma IL-1Ra & CRP	Orre, et al, 2009
Breast cancer survivors	>Transcripts for NF-κB & < transcripts glucocorticoids	Bower et al, 2011a
	>CRP	Orre, et al, 2011
	>HPA and SNS dysfunction	Fernandez-de-las-Penas, 2012
Cancer	>Plasma IL-6, IL-1Rα, neopterin	Schubert, et al, 2006 review