Table 2.
Baseline characteristics and anthropometric measures of children with type 1 diabetes by sex
| Males (n=314) | Females (n=286) | p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) at diagnosis* | |||
| Mean (95% CI) | 8.1 (7.7,8.6) | 7.6 (7.2,8.0) | 0.09 |
| Median (IQR) | 8.5 (5.0,11.0) | 8.0 (5.0,10.0) | 0.09 |
| Age at Lipid profile | |||
| Mean (95% CI) | 13.1 (12.8,13.4) | 12.8 (12.4,13.1) | 0.20 |
| Median (IQR) | 13.0 (11.0,15.0) | 13.0 (10.0,15.0) | 0.23 |
| Duration of diabetes at lipid profile | |||
| Mean (95% CI) | 4.0 (3.6,4.4) | 4.4 (4.0,4.8) | 0.18 |
| Median (IQR) | 3.0 (1.4,5.0) | 4.0 (1.0,6.0) | 0.14 |
| Race (%) | |||
| Black | 59 (18.8) | 64 (22.4) | 0.2769 |
| White | 255 (81.2) | 222 (77.6) | |
| Mean Weight (kg) | 55.6 ± 17.8 | 53.7 ± 16.5 | 0.17 |
| Mean Height (cm) | 159.6 ± 15.7 | 152.2 ± 13.8 | <0.0001 |
| Mean BMI (kg/m2) | 21.3 ± 4.0 | 22.5 ± 4.7 | 0.0006 |
| BMI percentile | 66.5±26.6 | 73.0±23.9 | 0.0019 |
| BMI z score | −0.15 (−0.26, −0.05) | 0.17 (0.05,0.29) | <0.0001 |
| Mean Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 114.7 ± 12.2 | 112.0 ± 11.6 | 0.006 |
| Mean SBP z score | 0.11 (0.00,0.22) | −0.13 (−0.24, −0.01) | 0.003 |
| Mean Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 63.5 ± 8.0 | 65.1 ± 7.8 | 0.01 |
| Mean DBP z score | −0.09 (−0.20,0.02) | 0.10 (−0.01,0.21) | 0.02 |
| Mean TC (mg/dl) | 169.0 ± 35.0 | 180.6 ± 39.5 | 0.0001 |
| Mean LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 93.8 ± 28.4 | 101.2 ± 32.7 | 0.003 |
| Mean HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 55.4 ± 13.9 | 58.9 ± 13.6 | 0.002 |
| Mean triglycerides (mg/dl) | 119.5±80.7 | 125.3±127.4 | 0.5103 |
| VLDL (mg/dl) | 19.3±6.9 | 20.5±15.9 | 0.2376 |
| Mean Non-HDL (mg/dl) | 113.6 ± 33.2 | 121.7 ± 39.2 | 0.006 |
| Mean HDL/TC Ratio | 0.41 ± 1.3 | 0.34 ± 0.1 | 0.34 |
| Mean ApoB 100 (mg/dl) | 79.9 ± 19.0 | 83.9 ± 22.3 | 0.02 |
| Mean Lp(a) (mg/dl) | 9.0 ± 5.2 | 6.2 ± 0.4 | 0.07 |
| Mean HDL 2 (mg/dl) | 15.1 ± 6.4 | 16.4 ± 6.5 | 0.01 |
| Mean HDL 3 (mg/dl) | 40.3 ± 8.4 | 42.5 ± 8.1 | 0.001 |
| LDL pattern (%) | |||
| A | 176 (56.1%) | 171 (60.0%) | 0.74 |
| A/B | 91 (29.0%) | 76 (26.6%) | |
| B | 48 (15.3%) | 45 (15.7%) | |
| Mean HbA1c (%) | 8.6 ± 1.6 | 9.0 ± 1.7 | 0.006 |
*
Estimated from t-test or Wilcoxon rank sums test for means and medians, respectively, or chi-square test for categorical variables
†
NHB: non-Hispanic blacks; NHW: non-Hispanic whites; TC: total cholesterol; LDL: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL: high density lipoprotein cholesterol
‡
Data are presented as frequency or mean ±SD