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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 8.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2017 Mar 8;93(5):1213–1226.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.017

Figure 1. CA3 and entorhinal inputs control CA1 spiking.

Figure 1

(A) Entorhinal layer 3 (EC3) gammaM input (60–100 Hz) modulates distal dendrites in str. LM at the positive peak of CA1 pyramidal layer theta (CA1pyr), followed by CA3 gammaS (30–60 Hz) input in str. radiatum (rad) on the descending theta phase (Schomburg et al., 2014). Deep sublayer CA1 pyramidal cells receive stronger EC3 input than superficial ones. (B) The relative strengths of phase-separated CA3 and EC3 are hypothesized to determine the theta phase of pyramidal cell spikes. During exploration (RUN), CA3 drive is stronger and EC3 is weaker relative to REM. As a result, the preferred phase of spikes moves towards the peak during REM. (C) At the entrance of the place field, place cells fire near the theta peak (EC3 excitation) and the spikes move to earlier phases as the rat transverses the place field due to increasing CA3 drive. Reference theta LFP for (B) and (C) correspond to the CA1 pyramidal layer.