Table 1.
Characteristics, treatment results, and the outcomes of all patients
| All (n = 50) | Proximal group (n = 26) | Distal group (n = 24) | P value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age‡ | 80 (72–86) | 81 (71–87) | 79 (73–85) | 0.81 |
| Male | 24 (48%) | 12 (46%) | 12 (50%) | 1.00 |
| mRS 0–2 before onset | 45 (90%) | 21 (81%) | 24 (100%) | 0.051 |
| Baseline NIHSS‡ | 20 (11–23) | 22 (15–26) | 12 (8–20) | 0.003* |
| Baseline ASPECTS‡ | 8 (7–9) | 8 (7–9) | 8 (7–9) | 0.90 |
| Occlusion site | ||||
| Intracranial ICA | 13 (26%) | 13 (50%) | – | – |
| Proximal M1 | 13 (26%) | 13 (50%) | – | – |
| Distal M1 | 8 (16%) | – | 8 (33%) | – |
| M2 | 16 (32%) | – | 16 (67%) | – |
| IV tPA | 9 (18%) | 4 (15%) | 5 (21%) | 0.72 |
| Onset to admission, min‡ | 143 (86–322) | 135 (92–263) | 146 (63–366) | 0.87 |
| Admission to groin puncture‡ | 90 (84–108) | 89 (82–101) | 94 (88–116) | 0.51 |
| Groin puncture to successful revascularization, min‡ | 41 (28–53) | 41 (26–47) | 45 (29–65) | 0.13 |
| Groin puncture to sheath removal, min‡ | 66 (50–95) | 54 (46–74) | 81 (59–105) | 0.010* |
| CAS | 2 (4%) | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) | 1.00 |
| Trevo device deployment | 48 (96%) | 26 (100%) | 22 (92%) | 0.23 |
| Total passes of Trevo‡ | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 0.96 |
| Cases using Half-Trevo technique | 14 (28%) | 3 (12%) | 11 (46%) | 0.011* |
| Cases needing additional intracranial procedures | 23 (46%) | 8 (31%) | 15 (63%) | 0.046 |
| Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty | 9 (18%) | 4 (15%) | 5 (21%) | 0.72 |
| Mechanical disruption | 8 (16%) | 2 (7%) | 6 (25%) | 0.13 |
| Aspiration by Penumbra catheter | 6 (12%) | 3 (12%) | 3 (13%) | 1.00 |
| Intra-arterial thrombolysis using urokinase | 6 (12%) | 1 (4%) | 5 (21%) | 0.09 |
| Successful revascularization (TICI 2b or 3) | 41 (82%) | 23 (88%) | 18 (75%) | 0.28 |
| Complete revascularization (TICI 3) | 27 (54%) | 19 (73%) | 8 (33%) | 0.010* |
| Distal embolisms | 6 (12%) | 3 (12%) | 3 (13%) | 1.00 |
| Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage | 3 (6%) | 1 (4%) | 2 (8%) | 0.60 |
| mRS at 90 days | 3 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) | 3 (2–4) | 0.53 |
| mRS 0–2 at 90 days | 25 (50%) | 14 (54%) | 11 (46%) | 0.78 |
| mRS 6 at 90 days | 2 (4%) | 2 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.49 |
ASPECTS: Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score, CAS: carotid artery stenting, ICA: internal carotid artery, IV tPA: intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, M1: M1 portion of middle cerebral artery, M2: M2 portion of middle cerebral artery, mRS: modified Rankin Scale score, NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, PTA: percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, TICI: modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction score,
*:
Statistically significant,
†:
P-value of the difference between the proximal and distal groups,
‡:
Median (interquartile range).