Table 5.

Correlation matrix for relationship of maternal communication variables with child gesture and spoken language (normal hearing [NH] group above the diagonal line and HL [hearing loss] group below the diagonal line).

	Child gesture (types)	Child speech (composite score)	Maternal gesture (types)	Maternal sign (signing, nonsigning)	Maternal spoken words (types)
Child gesture (types)	—	−.27	−.20	n/a	.27
Child speech (composite score)	−.18	—	.25	n/a	.21
Maternal gesture (types)	.45*	−.06	—	n/a	.15
Maternal sign (signing, nonsigning)	.50*	−.34	.70**	—	n/a
Maternal spoken words (types)	−.15	.31	.36	−.09	—

Note. n/a = not applicable.

^* p < .05.

^** p < .01.