Table 1.
Demographic and drug use characteristics in treatment-seeking individuals with cocaine use disorders at baseline and follow-up and in healthy controls at baseline
| Group, time point; mean ± SD* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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| Characteristic | CUD, baseline (n = 19) | CUD, follow-up (n = 19) | Control, baseline† (n = 18) | Statistical test |
| Demographic | ||||
| Age, yr | 41.68 ± 7.4 | 42.31 ± 7.6 | 43.20 ± 6.2 | t = −0.67 |
| Sex, male/female | 11/8 | — | 13/5 | χ2 = 0.83 |
| Education, yr | 12.63 ± 2.9 | — | 13.08 ± 1.4 | t = −0.62 |
| Nonverbal IQ‡ | 9.58 ± 3.4 | — | 11.12 ± 2.2 | t = −1.62 |
| Depression: Beck Depression Inventory II§ | 7.00 ± 8.1 | 5.40 ± 7.5 | 2.28 ± 4.4 | F = 2.08 |
| Drug use | ||||
| Cigarette smokers, current/past or nonsmoker§ | 11/8 | — | 3/15 | χ2 = 6.68 |
| Daily cigarettes in current smokers | 5.27 ± 3.6 | 6.91 ± 6.4 | 4.67 ± 5.0 | F = −1.24 |
| Age at onset of cocaine use, yr | 25.53 ± 9.5 | — | — | — |
| Duration of cocaine use, yr | 14.00 ± 7.8 | — | — | — |
| Duration of current abstinence, d | 143.88 ± 169.23 | 183.12 ± 136.16 | — | Z = −1.34 |
| Frequency of cocaine use (last 30 d), d/wk | 0.53 ± 1.7 | 0.06 ± 0.2 | — | Z = 1.14 |
| Cocaine Craving Questionnaire score (0–45) | 7.6 ± 4.8 | 7.0 ± 8.8 | — | Z = 0.27 |
ANOVA = analysis of variance; CUD = cocaine use disorder; SD = standard deviation.
*
Unless indicated otherwise.
†
Healthy controls completed the passive viewing of images only once.
‡
Determined using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Matrix Reasoning Scale.
§
p < 0.05; χ2 tests were used for categorical variables; Mann–Whitney U for all drug-related variables (continuous non-normally distributed variables) and ANOVAs for all comparisons between the 3 groups.