Table 5.

Summary of outcome measures for trochanteric versus piriformis studies

Measure	Archdeacon et al.24 Level I randomized	Stannard et al.9 Level I randomized	Starr et al.4 Level II quasirandomized	Ricci et al.8 Level II prospective cohort
Operative duration			p = 0.26	p = 0.08
Estimated blood loss			p = 0.15
Malalignment			p = 0.3	NS
Union	NS	NS	NS	NS
Delayed union		NS	NS	NS
Nonunion		NS	NS
Malunion
Deaths			NS
Functional outcome measure*		NS	p = 0.60	NS
Hip ROM	p = 0.025‡		NS
Knee ROM			p = 0.13
Hip pain
Knee pain
Dynamization
Femoral shortening
Reoperations
Heterotopic ossification around the hip		NS
Pudendal nerve injury
Trendelenburg gait
Other medical complications†				NS

NS = nonsignificant; ROM = range of motion.

^*Functional outcome measures include lower extremity measure, Harris hip score, Lysholm score, Lysholm and Tegner score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, Merle d’Aubigne and Postel, knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score and hip dysfunction and osteoarthritis outcome score.

^†Other medical complications include pulmonary embolism, fat embolus syndrome, deep venous thrombosis, postoperative hematoma, hemarthrosis, infection, hyperbilirubinemia and pneumonia.

^‡Favours greater trochanteric nailing.