Table 2.
Target population, modeling methods, vaccine characteristics, and cost-effectiveness results of the 11 studies reviewed
| Attribute | N | % |
|---|---|---|
| Population and perspective | ||
| Regiona | ||
| South Africa | 7 | 64 |
| Thailand | 4 | 36 |
| United States | 2 | 18 |
| Other | 2 | 18 |
| Population scope | ||
| District | 1 | 9 |
| Single country | 7 | 64 |
| Several countries | 3 | 27 |
| Perspective | ||
| Payer | 1 | 9 |
| Government | 1 | 9 |
| Health system | 5 | 45 |
| Limited societal | 4 | 36 |
| Defined willingness to pay | 9 | 82 |
| Discounted costs, 3% | 11 | 100 |
| Discounted outcomes, 3% | 8 | 73 |
| Modeling methods | ||
| Model type | ||
| Decision tree | 1 | 9 |
| Markov or semi-Markov | 5 | 45 |
| Compartmental, ODE | 4 | 36 |
| Agent-based | 1 | 9 |
| Dynamic HIV transmission | 5 | 45 |
| Outcome measurement | ||
| LYs | 4 | 36 |
| DALYs | 2 | 18 |
| QALYs | 6 | 55 |
| Time horizon | ||
| 10-year horizon | 3 | 27 |
| 20- to 43-year horizon | 3 | 27 |
| Lifetime horizon | 5 | 45 |
| HIV vaccine characteristics | ||
| Age at vaccination | ||
| Infant | 1 | 9 |
| 9–15 years | 4 | 36 |
| >15 years | 6 | 55 |
| HIV vaccine efficacy, average | ||
| <50% | 7 | 64 |
| >50% | 4 | 36 |
| Vaccine durability | ||
| Lifetime protection | 3 | 27 |
| Waning protection | 8 | 73 |
| Vaccine boosting | 7 | 64 |
| Price per seriesa | ||
| ≤$US5 | 2 | 18 |
| $US20 | 3 | 27 |
| $US50–100 | 6 | 55 |
| >$US500 | 2 | 18 |
| Risk compensation | 5 | 45 |
| Results and conclusions | ||
| ICERs (per QALY, DALY, or LY) | ||
| Dominant, cost saving | 2 | 18 |
| $US3–100 | 4 | 36 |
| >$US1000 | 5 | 45 |
| Cost-effectiveness interpretation | ||
| Cost-effective | 8 | 73 |
| Unlikely cost-effective | 2 | 18 |
| No interpretation | 1 | 9 |
DALYs disability-adjusted life-years, ICER incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, LYs life-years, ODE ordinary differential equations, QALYs quality-adjusted life-years
aThe Goals model includes 24 countries and assumed a price of $US20 for low-income countries and $US55 for middle-income countries