Figure 2. PPARγ activation increases whole-body insulin sensitivity.

In WAT, PPARγ activation (effects are indicated in pink) enhances FA uptake and storage, lipogenesis, and adipogenesis (lipid steal action). PPARγ activation lowers circulating FA levels, alleviating lipotoxicity and increasing insulin sensitivity. PPARγ agonism induces adiponectin production by WAT, further enhancing insulin sensitivity and lowering blood glucose. PPARγ also exerts metabolic effects on BAT, brain, and pancreas. Increased hepatic steatosis upon PPARγ activation occurs in mice but not in humans (blue brackets), who display increased hepatic insulin sensitivity due to reduced FA flux from WAT.