Figure 3. PPARβ/δ activation enhances glucose and lipid homeostasis.

In SKM, PPARβ/δ activation (effects are indicated in pink) favors fiber type switching toward type I oxidative fibers, which have a higher glucose-handling capacity compared with type II fibers. PPARβ/δ also augments FAO in SKM, liver, and WAT and enhances hepatic glucose metabolism and pancreatic β cell function. PPARβ/δ activation decreases FAs, triglycerides, and LDL-C and increases HDL-C levels in blood. Metabolic effects of PPARβ/δ agonism also take place in brain and gut.