(A) Baseline ANCOVA-adjusted RMR in male and female AT1AAgRP-KO mice (n = 13 control baseline, n = 13 control αMSH-treated mice; n = 9 chow-fed AT1ALepR-KO mice; n = 9 αMSH-treated AT1ALepR-KO mice). (B) BAT SNA responses of control, AT1ALepR-KO, and AT1AAgRP-KO mice to acute leptin injection (60 μg i.v. leptin, n = 6 control mice, n = 5 AT1ALepR-KO mice; 2 μg i.c.v. leptin, n = 4 control mice, n = 5 AT1AAgRP-KO mice). (C) Changes in ANCOVA-adjusted RMR in response to i.p. administration of αMSH (4.5 μg/g) in control, AT1ALepR-KO, and AT1AAgRP-KO mice (n = 16 control mice; n = 7 AT1ALepR-KO mice; n = 9 AT1AAgRP-KO mice). (D–F) mRNA for Gad1 (D), Gad2 (E), and Vgat (F) in the ARC of male control and AT1AAgRP-KO mice after a chow diet (n = 10 control mice, n = 5 AT1AAgRP-KO mice). Data represent the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, by Tukey’s multiple comparisons procedure.