Table 4.
Work-related psychosocial and physical factors and risk of musculoskeletal pain among of the study population (n=632).
| Total | Neck pain | Shoulder pain | Lower back pain | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | OR 1 (95% CI) | OR 2 (95% CI) | % | OR 1 (95% CI) | OR 2 (95% CI) | % | OR 1 (95% CI) | OR 2 (95% CI) | ||||
| OR 1=ORs based on unadjusted (univariate) binary logistic regression. OR 2=ORs based on adjusted (multivariate) binary logistic regression. Significant factors on multivariate analysis are shown in bold. † P for trend. | ||||||||||||
| Years worked as a sewing worker | ||||||||||||
| 1-10 | 316 | 46.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 28.8 | 1.00 | 38.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 11-20 | 194 | 61.9 | 1.84 (2.27-2.65) | 1.35 (0.87-2.10) | 42.3 | 1.81 (1.24-2.63) | 62.4 | 2.67 (1.84-3.86) | 2.28 (1.52-3.44) | |||
| >20 | 122 | 80.3 | 4.63 (2.81-7.62) | 3.04 (1.48-6.22) | 68.0 | 5.26 (3.34-8.26) | 68.9 | 3.56 (2.28-5.56) | 2.71 (1.58-4.65) | |||
| Ptrend† | 0.001 | 0.010 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||||||
| Daily working hours | ||||||||||||
| 1-8 | 430 | 56.3 | 1.00 | 41.9 | 1.00 | 48.6 | 1.00 | |||||
| 9-14 | 202 | 61.4 | 1.23 (0.87-1.73) | 37.6 | 0.83 (0.59-1.18) | 57.9 | 1.45 (1.03-20.3) | |||||
| Having a second job | ||||||||||||
| No | 589 | 58.7 | 1.00 | 41.0 | 1.00 | 51.6 | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 43 | 47.6 | 0.63 (0.34-1.19) | 31.0 | 0.63 (0.32-1.25) | 50.0 | 0.93 (0.50-1.75) | |||||
| Working very fast | ||||||||||||
| No | 217 | 43.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 35.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 35.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 415 | 65.3 | 2.41 (1.72-3.38) | 2.54 (1.70-3.79) | 43.1 | 1.37 (1.10-1.93) | 1.59 (1.03-2.47) | 59.8 | 2.64 (1.88-3.71) | 1.88 (1.28-2.76) | ||
| Job satisfaction | ||||||||||||
| Low | 61 | 49.2 | 1.00 | 44.3 | 1.00 | 36.1 | 1.00 | |||||
| Moderate | 298 | 55.7 | 1.29 (0.74-2.25) | 35.9 | 0.70 (0.40-1.23) | 51.3 | 1.87 (1.05-3.30) | |||||
| High | 273 | 62.3 | 1.70 (0.97-2.98) | 44.7 | 1.01 (0.58-1.77) | 55.3 | 2.19 (1.23-3.89) | |||||
| Duration of continuous work without break (>10 min) | ||||||||||||
| <1 h | 148 | 46.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 37.2 | 1.00 | 54.7 | 1.00 | ||||
| 1-2 h | 205 | 45.4 | 0.95 (0.62-1.45) | 1.02 (0.64-1.64) | 33.2 | 0.83 (0.53-1.30) | 45.4 | 0.68 (0.44-1.05) | ||||
| >2 h | 279 | 73.1 | 3.11 (2.05-4.72) | 2.85 (1.79-4.53) | 47.7 | 1.54 (1.02-2.31) | 54.5 | 0.99 (0.66-1.47) | ||||
| Ptrend† | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||||||||
| Feeling pressure due to work | ||||||||||||
| No | 79 | 59.5 | 1.00 | 36.7 | 1.00 | 48.1 | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 553 | 57.7 | 0.92 (0.57-1.50) | 41.0 | 1.20 (0.73-1.95) | 52.1 | 1.17 (0.73-1.88) | |||||
| RULA A score(%) | ||||||||||||
| 1-4 | 265 | 49.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 29.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 40.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| ≥5 | 367 | 64.3 | 1.87 (1.35-2.58) | 1.81 (1.21-2.72) | 48.5 | 2.25 (1.61-3.15) | 2.21 (1.40-3.50) | 59.9 | 2.24 (1.62-3.09) | 1.59 (1.09-2.33) | ||
| RULA B score(%) | ||||||||||||
| 1-4 | 524 | 56.5 | 1.00 | 36.6 | 1.00 | 50.2 | 1.00 | |||||
| ≥5 | 108 | 64.8 | 1.41 (0.92-2.18) | 59.3 | 2.51 (1.64-3.83) | 58.3 | 1.38 (0.91-2.11) | |||||
| RULA grand score (%) | ||||||||||||
| 1-4 | 72 | 29.2 | 1.00 | 12.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 12.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| ≥5 | 560 | 61.6 | 3.89 (2.28-6.66) | 44.1 | 5.52 (2.69-11.32) | 2.66 (1.16-6.07) | 56.6 | 9.13 (4.45-18.72) | 6.48 (2.98-14.11) | |||