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. 2017 Mar 31;7:103. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00103

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Copyright © 2017 Lu, Chen, Chiang, Wang, Hsiao, Huang, Lin, Cheng, Liang and Lai.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Inflammatory responses upon K. pneumoniae-induced meningitis. Brain tissues retrieved from three of the 1084S- and ΔClbA-inoculated mice which had the highest brain CFU at 24 h post-intravenous-inoculation (IV), 5 days post-intranasal-inoculation (IN), and 7 days post-orogastric-inoculation (OG), were homogenized with lysis buffer, protein-concentration determined, and subjected to quantification of 23 cytokines and chemokines. Inflammatory cytokines, IL-1a (A), IL-1b (B), IL-6 (C), IL-12 (p40) (D), and IL-12 (p70) (E), G-CSF (F), and chemokines, KC (G), MCP-1 (H), MIP-1a (I), and MIP-1b (J), which were significantly induced upon K. pneumoniae 1084S infections are shown. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. “a” represents a significant increase in the K. pneumoniae 1084S-infected group (black bars) in comparison to the ΔClbA group (slash bars), determined by Student's t-test (one-tailed; p < 0.05).