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. 2017 Mar 31;8:445. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00445

Table 3.

Summary of the unity effect demonstrated in studies of the McGurk effect.

Study Origins of the unityassumption Stimuli Perception Effect?
Massaro and Cohen, 1993 Temporal synchrony (±200 ms) V: /da/; A: /ba/ /va/ or /ga/ Yes: /va/ decreased and /ga/ increased when V leading
Munhall et al., 1996 Temporal synchrony (±360 ms) V: /aga/ or /igi/; A: /aba/ /ada/ or /idi/ Yes: -60 to 240 ms for V/aga/
Stimulus congruency (vowel) No effect for V/igi/
van Wassenhove et al., 2007 Temporal synchrony (±467 ms) V: /ka/ or /ga/; A: /pa/ or /ba/ /ta/ or /da/ Yes: -30 to 170 ms
Soto-Faraco and Alsius, 2009 Temporal synchrony (-640 to 720 ms) V: /ba/; A:/da/ /bda/ Yes: -320 to 480 ms
Jones and Munhall, 1997 Spatial disparity (±90°) V: /igi/, /IgI/ or /ægæ/ /idi/, /IdI/ or /ædæ/ No
A: /igi/, /IgI/ or /ægæ/
Jones and Jarick, 2006 Temporal synchrony (±360 ms) V: /ava/; A: /aba/ /ava/ or /aba/ Yes: -60 to 180 ms
Spatial disparity (±90°) No effect for spatial disparity
Easton and Basala, 1982 Congruency (phonetic) V: lips movements; A: spoken words Errors in lip-reading Yes: fewer errors in lip-reading in the higher discrepancy condition
Green et al., 1991 Congruency (gender) V /ga/ or /gi/; A:/ba/ or /bi/ /da/, /ða/ or /di/, /ði/ No
Walker et al., 1995 Familiarity (face and voice from familiar or unfamiliar person) V /ga/ or /gi/; A:/ba/ or /bi/ /da/, /ða/ or /di/, /ði/ Yes: the McGurk effect was larger for familiar face and voice
Nahorna et al., 2012 Context (coherence of audiovisual syllables) V: /ga/; A:/ba/ /da/ Yes: larger McGurk effect in the coherent context
Nahorna et al., 2015 Context (coherence of audiovisual syllables) V: /ga/; A:/ba/ /da/ Yes: smaller McGurk effect when perceiving one incoherent syllable, but recovered after perceiving more coherent syllables

V: vision; A: audition.

The negative values indicate the auditory leading intervals, whereas the positive values indicate the visual leading intervals; the negative angles indicate that the auditory stimulus was presented on the left, whereas the positive angles indicate that the auditory stimulus was presented on the right.

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