Table 6.
Overview of the published reference values for quantitative MR-measurements of the pelvic floor
| Parameters | Reference value ± standard deviation | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Anterior compartment | ||
| Bladder base position (according to PCL) at rest | −2.3 ± 0.46 cm | [39] |
| Bladder base position (according to PCL) during straining | 0.81 ± 1.11 cm | [39] |
| Middle compartment | ||
| Anterior cervical lip position (according to PCL) at rest | 4.31 ± 0.78 cm | [39] |
| Anterior cervical lip position (according to PCL) during straining | −0.79 ± 1.65 cm | [39] |
| Posterior compartment | ||
| Anterior bulge of the rectal wall during straining (rectocele) | 2.6 ± 0.6 cm | [39] |
| Ano rectal junction (ARJ) at rest | ≤3 cm below the PCL 0.53 ± 0.99 cm | [34, 39] |
| ARJ during squeezing | Elevation of ARJ | [36] |
| ARJ during straining | 2.99 ± 1.03 cm | [39] |
| Anorectal angle (ARA) at rest | 85-95° 93° ± 4.8° |
[31, 39] |
| ARA during squeezing | 71° sharpening of 10-15° | [16, 27] |
| ARA during straining or defecation | 103° 15-25° more obtuse 108° ± 14.7° | [16, 27, 39] |
| Measurements for quantification of the pelvic floor laxity | ||
| H-line (hiatus) during straining | 5.8 ± 0.5 cm | [15] |
| M-line (descent of H-line to PCL) during straining | 1.3 ± 0.5 cm | [15] |
| Levator plate angle during straining | 11.7 ± 4.8° | [15] |
| Iliococcygeus angle at rest | 20.9 ± 3.5° | [15] |
| Iliococcygeus angle during straining | 33.4 ± 8.2° | [15] |
| Transverse diameter of levator hiatus at rest | 3.3 ± 0.4 | [15] |
| Transverse diameter of levator hiatus during straining | 4.5 ± 0.7 cm | [15] |