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. 2017 Mar 31;8:193. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00193

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Copyright © 2017 Liu, Lin, Ko, Perng, Lee and Kou.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Treatment with paeonol (Pae) inhibits TGF-β1-induced increases in phosphorylation of JNK (A), p38 (B), and Smad3 (C) in human lung fibroblasts. Pae (0.4 mM) was used to suppress TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml)-induced increases in phosphorylation. Protein samples were harvested 1 h after treatment. Levels of phospho- (p-) and total- (t-) proteins were measured by Western blot analysis. Data in each group are mean ± SEM from 4 independent experiments. ^*p < 0.05 vs. the control group; ^#p < 0.05 vs. the TGF-β1 group.