Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Neurofeedback N = 75 |
EMG feedback N = 69 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mean | SD | Mean | SD |
| Age (in years) | 8.60 | 0.92 | 8.57 | 0.88 |
| ADHD global score | 1.84 | 0.45 | 1.78 | 0.47 |
| KINDL(R) Quality of Life | 67.5 | 8.9 | 68.6 | 9.6 |
| CPM (percentage rank) | 63.4 | 27.0 | 65.5 | 27.0 |
| CBCL t-value | ||||
| Global | 63.6 | 8.4 | 63.2 | 7.8 |
| Externalizing problems | 66.3 | 9.4 | 64.8 | 9.4 |
| Internalizing problems | 62.2 | 9.5 | 62.4 | 9.3 |
| N | Percent | N | Percent | |
| CBCL Comorbidity∗ | ||||
| Oppositional defiant disorder | 31 | 41.33 | 32 | 46.36 |
| Conduct disorder | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.45 |
| Depression | 11 | 14.66 | 8 | 11.59 |
| Dysthymia | 5 | 6.67 | 3 | 4.35 |
| Separation anxiety | 3 | 4.00 | 5 | 7.25 |
| General anxiety disorder | 18 | 24.00 | 18 | 27.69 |
| Social phobia | 4 | 5.33 | 8 | 11.59 |
| Specific phobia | 4 | 5.33 | 6 | 8.64 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 14 | 18.67 | 11 | 15.94 |
| Male | 61 | 81.33 | 61 | 84.06 |
| CGI-S | ||||
| Normal/Borderline ill | 3 | 5.00 | 3 | 5.36 |
| Mild/Moderately ill | 29 | 48.33 | 29 | 45.78 |
| Marked/Severely ill | 28 | 46.67 | 24 | 42.86 |
| Missing | 15 | 13 | ||
| ADHD medication prior to study | 34 | 45.33 | 28 | 40.58 |
CGI, Clinical Global Impression-Severity; CBCL, Child Behavior Checklist; ∗disorder-specific parent ratings.