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. 2017 Feb 6;6(3):358–364. doi: 10.1242/bio.021436

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© 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Fig. 1. — Smad4 deficiency deregulates chondrocyte extracellular matrix homeostasis. (A-E) Smad4 (white) is reduced in pellets of Smad4^fl/fl primary chondrocytes infected with adenovirus-Cre (Ad-Cre, C,D) relative to those infected with GFP control (Ad-GFP, A,B). Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue). (F-I) Safranin O (pink) and Fast Green staining on primary chondrocyte pellet cultures demonstrate a Smad4-dependent loss of proteoglycan synthesis in the Ad-Cre Smad4^fl/fl chondrocyte pellets relative to Ad-GFP Smad4^fl/fl pellets. (J,K) Analysis of gene expression in primary Smad4^fl/fl chondrocytes infected with Ad-Cre or Ad-GFP demonstrate a Smad4-dependent decrease in aggrecan mRNA expression (J) and an increase in MMP13 mRNA expression (K). Expression was normalized to mRNA for ribosomal protein L19. N=3, P<0.05.