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. 2017 Jan 26;6(3):340–347. doi: 10.1242/bio.022954

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© 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Fig. 2. — Orientation distribution of armyworms. Orientation distribution of armyworms in (A) the geomagnetic field and (B) extreme weak magnetic field. The black dots on the circles represent the heading direction of one armyworm moth. The black arrows represent the mean vector bearings, with the length of the arrow proportional to the resultant vector length (r). Dashed grey lines show the 95% confidence intervals for mean vectors that are significant by the Rayleigh test (P<0.05). The armyworm moths exposed to the GMF commonly oriented with the mean direction of 181.6°, and the lower/upper 95% confidence limit was 135.5°/227.8° (Rayleigh test, P<0.05). The armyworm moths exposed to WMF exhibited dispersed flight directions without 95% confidence intervals.