Table 3.

Odds ratios at the final step of the four multivariable logistic regressions

	Time 1 (cross-sectional)				Time 2 (transitions over 1 year)
	First puff (90 who ever had a puff vs. 929 who had not)		First cigarette (38 who ever had a cigarette vs. 981 who had not)		First puff (45 who transitioned to first puff vs. 849 never-puffersa)		First cigarette (32 who transitioned to first cigarette vs. 909 never-full-cigarette-smokersb)
Factor (ref.)	OR	[95% CI]	OR	[95% CI]	OR	[95% CI]	OR	[95% CI]
Demographics
Age	1.51**	[1.11, 2.14]	2.41**	[1.45, 4.01]	1.02	[0.71, 1.47]	1.03	[0.66, 1.61]
Gender, male	0.89	[0.44, 1.79]	1.03	[0.37, 2.83]	1.38	[0.68, 2.84]	1.02	[0.40, 2.58]
Race/ethnicity (ref.: non-Hispanic White)
Black	1.34	[0.37, 4.85]	0.35	[0.03, 4.39]	0.24	[0.02, 2.70]	1.23	[0.20, 7.69]
Hispanic	1.16	[0.45, 2.98]	0.31	[0.06, 1.61]	0.81	[0.28, 2.34]	0.68	[0.17, 2.75]
Other	1.98	[0.86, 4.58]	1.88	[0.62, 5.70]	1.19	[0.43, 3.28]	0.70	[0.17, 3.00]
Socioeconomic status	0.53*	[0.33, 0 .86]	0.52*	[0.28, 0.96]	0.69	[0.45, 1.05]	0.66	[0.38, 1.14]
Density (ref: suburban)
Rural	1.57	[0.64, 3.83]	2.51	[0.72, 7.98]	1.62	[0.66, 4.00]	0.96	[0.54, 1.71]
Urban	1.74	[0.76, 3.96]	1.72	[0.52, 5.62]	2.22	[0.94, 5.24]	1.13	[0.37, 3.44]
Environment
Availability of cigarettes (ref: no)	4.62***	[2.36, 9.05]	8.33***	[2.80, 24.79]	3.00**	[1.38, 6.54]	3.13*	[1.23, 7.96]
School engagement	0.54	[0.27, 1.08]	1.12	[0.42, 3.00]	1.42	[0.58, 3.46]	0.88	[0.36, 2.17]
Peer deviance	1.90***	[1.47, 2.45]	1.42*	[1.07, 1.90]	1.49*	[1.06, 2.11]	1.24	[0.88, 1.74]
Peer support	1.23	[0.87, 1.74]	0.98	[0.58, 1.66]	0.99	[0.67, 1.45]	1.08	[0.69, 1.70]
Peer conflict	1.12	[0.86, 1.44]	0.83	[0.55, 1.27]	1.02	[0.73, 1.43]	0.95	[0.64, 1.42]
Parental monitoring	0.75	[0.54, 1.05]	0.55*	[0.34, 0.90]	0.79	[0.53, 1.17]	0.57*	[0.36, 0.90]
Parental support	0.70	[0.49, 1.00]	1.23	[0.73, 2.10]	1.24	[0.82, 1.86]	1.05	[0.65, 1.70]
Parental conflict	1.25	[0.88, 1.80]	0.87	[0.52, 1.46]	0.89	[0.56, 1.40]	1.30	[0.83, 2.05]
Either parent smokes (ref: no)	1.15	[0.55, 2.44]	1.41	[0.48, 4.11]	1.22	[0.56, 2.67]	0.93	[0.34, 2.50]
Responding parent ever smoked (ref: no)	1.35	[0.63, 2.88]	1.16	[0.37, 3.64]	1.41	[0.65, 3.07]	2.03	[0.70, 5.95]
Individual differences
Stress	1.02	[0.71, 1.46]	1.17	[0.70, 2.00]	0.95	[0.63, 1.43]	1.10	[0.70, 1.73]
Positive mood	1.06	[0.74, 1.50]	1.17	[0.69, 1.80]	1.02	[0.69, 1.50]	0.66	[0.39, 1.11]
Poor self-control	0.57**	[0.41, 0.80]	0.65	[0.42, 1.03]	1.01	[0.71, 1.44]	0.93	[0.60, 1.43]
Deviance	1.14	[0.86, 1.50]	1.49*	[1.05, 2.12]	1.36	[0.96, 1.94]	1.04	[0.70, 1.54]
T1 ever had a puff (ref: no)							4.81*	[1.54, 14.97]

Notes: Ref. = reference group; T1 = Time 1.

^aBecause of our focus on the transition from no-puff to puff, this analysis excluded the 90 youths who reported a puff at T1; an additional 35 were excluded because of missing data;

^bbecause of our focus on the transition from no-cigarette to cigarette, this analysis excluded the 38 youths who reported a cigarette at T1; an additional 40 were excluded due to missing data.

^*p < .05;

^**p <.01;

^***p < .001.