Table 2.

The Association Between Individual Lifestyle and Healthcare Utilization

Variable	Number of outpatient visits		Number of health exams		Seen by the same physicians
					Yes	No
	Mean (SD)	p	Mean (SD)	p	N (%)	N (%)	p
Exercise Habits
Yes	1.12 (1.01)	<0.001	1.14 (1.36)	<0.001	843 (41.7)	281 (31.6)	<0.001
No	0.91 (0.92)		0.70 (1.15)		1179 (58.3)	608 (68.4)
Breakfast
Yes	0.99 (0.97)	0.984	0.87 (1.25)	0.185	1966 (97.2)	862 (97.0)	0.781
No	0.99 (0.85)		0.69 (1.21)		56 (2.8)	27 (3.0)
Regular meals
Yes	0.99 (0.96)	0.905	0.88 (1.26)	0.001	1944 (96.1)	839 (94.4)	0.041
No	1.00 (1.04)		0.57 (1.03)		78 (3.9)	50 (5.6)
5 servings of fruits& vegetables
Yes	0.98 (0.95)	0.036	0.66 (1.13)	0.001	1807 (89.4)	782 (88.0)	0.295
No	1.10 (1.04)		0.89 (1.26)		215 (10.6)	107 (12.0)
Dieting Habits
Yes	0.98 (0.96)	0.098	0.89 (1.26)	<0.001	1829 (90.5)	787 (88.5)	0.128
No	1.08 (1.03)		0.62 (1.11)		193 (9.5)	102 (11.5)
Aware of food packaging labels
Yes	0.98 (0.95)	0.015	0.87 (1.25)	0.686	1860 (92.0)	815 (91.7)	0.833
No	1.16 (1.11)		0.83 (1.30)		162 (8.0)	74 (8.3)
Aware of self-health
Yes	1.00 (0.96)	0.091	0.88 (1.26)	<0.001	1953 (96.6)	858 (96.5)	1.000
No	0.83 (0.95)		0.45 (1.00)		69 (3.4)	31 (3.5)
Regular BP
Yes	1.12 (1.01)	<0.001	1.08 (1.35)	<0.001	1337 (66.1)	520 (58.5)	<0.001
No	0.76 (0.83)		0.49 (0.94)		685 (33.9)	369 (41.5)
Smoking
Yes	0.97 (0.99)	0.496	0.88 (1.33)	0.780	552 (27.3)	262 (29.5)	0.247
No	1.00 (0.95)		0.86 (1.22)		1470 (72.7)	627 (70.5)
Drinking
Yes	0.95 (0.94)	0.088	0.92 (1.25)	0.068	726 (35.9)	381 (42.9)	<0.001
No	1.01 (0.97)		0.83 (1.25)		1296 (64.1)	508 (57.1)
Betel-Nut chewing
Yes	0.91 (0.90)	0.098	0.80 (1.31)	0.320	235 (11.6)	105 (11.8)	0.933
No	1.00 (0.97)		0.87 (1.25)		1787 (88.4)	784 (88.2)