Table 2.
Summary of study characteristics after 1996.
| Author | Study design | Demographics | Pyrimethamine-based therapy | No. patients evaluated for relapse, n | Relapse, n(%) | Follow-up | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute | Maintenance | ||||||
| Randomized studies | |||||||
| Chirgwin (2002) | Randomized, open-label, phase 2 | N = 39 | ATO ± PYR | 42 weeks after acute treatment with same treatment regimen as acute therapy | 15 | 1 (6.7%) | 48 weeks |
| ATO±PYR (n = 28) | |||||||
| ATO (1500 mg BID) plus PYR (200 mg loading dose, followed by 75 mg/day) plus LEU 10 mg daily | |||||||
| Male: 22 (79%) | |||||||
| Median age: 35 yrs | |||||||
| ATO±SDZ (n = 12) | |||||||
| Male: 10 (83%) | |||||||
| Median age: 37 yrs | |||||||
| ATO ± SDZ | |||||||
| ATO (1500 mg BID) plus SDZ (1500 mg QID) plus LEU 10 mg/day. | |||||||
| Acute treatment was administered for six weeks | |||||||
| Podzamczer (2000) | Randomized open-label | N = 124 | n.a. | PS Daily Regimen:PYR | 124 | Total: 16 (12.9%) | Median 11 months |
| Daily: 14.9 episodes per 100 patient yrs | |||||||
| (25 mg/day) plus SDZ (1 g BID) plus folinic acid (15 mg/day) | |||||||
| Daily (n = 58) | |||||||
| Male/female ratio: 3.5 | |||||||
| Intermittent: 14.1 episodes per 100 patient yrs | |||||||
| Age: 35.7 yrs | |||||||
| Thrice weekly (n = 66) | PS Three times/wk regimen: | ||||||
| Male/female ratio:5.0 | PYR (50 mg/day) plus (SDZ: 1 g BID) plus folinic acid (15 mg)/day | ||||||
| Age: 34.9 yrs. | |||||||
| Prospective studies | |||||||
| Langmann (2004) | Prospective | N = 6 (3 received secondary prophylaxis) | n.a. | PYR: 50 mg/day or 37.5 mg/day depending on body weight plus folinic acid (7.5 mg/day) | 3 | 0 | Mean 22 ± 13 months |
| Age, range: 35–59 yrs | |||||||
| Vidal (2005) | Prospective longitudinal | N = 55 | PS | PS | 46 | 2 (4%) | One year from diagnosis |
| Male: 33 (60%) Mean age: | PYR + SDZ + folinic acid | PYR + SDZ + folinic acid | |||||
| 36 yrs | |||||||
| Retrospective study | |||||||
| Arendt (1999) | Retrospective | N = 106 | P ± SND | PYR: 75 mg/day | 106 | 13 (12%) | n.r. |
| Male: 101 (95.3%) | PYR (75 mg/day) plus sulfonamides (2 g/day) or clindamycin (2400 mg/day). | ||||||
| Mean age: 40.4 yrs | |||||||
| P ± SND (n = 98) | |||||||
| PC (n = 6) | |||||||
| PC | |||||||
| PYR (75 mg/day) plus clindamycin (2400 mg/day). | |||||||
| Davarpanah (2007) | Retrospective | N = 38 | PS | PS | 4 | 0 | n.r. |
| Male: 30 (78.9%) | PYR + SDZ + leucovorin | PYR + SDZ | |||||
| Age: 38 yrs |
ATO, atovaquone; LEU, leucovorin; n.a., not applicable; n.r., not reported; PC, pyrimethamine plus clindamycin; PS, pyrimethamine plus sulfadiazine; P + SND, pyrimethamine plus a sulfonamide; PYR, pyrimethamine; SDZ, sulfadiazine.