FIG 10.

DDX3X plays a role in viral assembly. HeLa cells were either transfected with siDDX3X, siVP16, GS-DDX3X or just treated with a nontargeting siRNA (scVP16) or transfection reagent (Pepmute). All but the mock-infected samples were infected with HSV-1 strain 17⁺ at an MOI of 5 for 18 h. The cells were fixed and processed for Epon embedding (see Materials and Methods) to be observed by electron microscopy. (A) Representative cells for each condition. Enlargements (boxed higher-magnification images) were added to help visualize the mature virions more clearly. (B) The data represent the quantification of total cell-associated viral particles, both intracellular and those bound to the extracellular surface of the cells, for 12 individual cells of each condition from two independent experiments. Error bars indicate the standard deviations of the means Asterisks show the results of bilateral Student's t tests (***, P < 0.001). Scale bars are as indicated on each figure.