FIG 5.

Cell-penetrating and extracellular metalloprotease inhibitors are nontoxic and decrease JHM.SD infection in multiple cell lines. Cells were pretreated with batimastat or TAPI-1 and/or bafilomycin A (final DMSO concentration, 1.5% for all treatments in all cells), infected with JHM.SD-fluc (MOI of 0.5) (A) or mock infected (B), washed, and incubated for an additional 6 h at 37°C and 30 min at room temperature in the presence of inhibitor before cell viability (A) and viral luciferase activity (B) were assessed. Representative data from two independent experiments with n = 5 technical replicates are shown. (A) Both batimastat and TAPI-1 were essentially nontoxic under the tested conditions. (B) Both batimastat and TAPI-1 decreased infection in all cell types. Asterisks show the results of two-way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple-comparison test of simple effects within columns (metalloprotease inhibitor versus DMSO) for L2 and 17Cl1 cells and Tukey's multiple-comparison test between all cell means (not all results are shown) for DBT cells (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001). (C) Tabular results of two-way ANOVA on the data from panel B.