Figure 3.

Populations of the Cs ground states for cells with high buffer gas pressure, calculated with the formalism developed by Scholtes et al. [35]: (a) in conventional M_x mode operation (pumping on F = 4); (b) in LN M_x configuration (pumping on F = 3 with about 50-fold overall pumping rate); and (c) in LSD-Mz configuration. (In contrast to the earlier published ones [34] these ground-state populations take into account the high buffer gas pressure and especially the redistribution of populations from the outer Zeeman levels back to the inner ones due to the 45° inclined B₀-field with respect to the pump beam direction in Figure 3a,b.