Table 6.
Overview of CPs used as active layers for detection of other gases and VOCs.
| Polymer Type | Target Analytes | LOD | Response Time/Recovery Time | Transducing Mechanism | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPy nanoparticles | Methanol Acetonitrile Acetic acid |
50 ppm 100 ppm 100 ppm |
1 s/90 s <1 s/<10 s <1 s/<10 s |
Chemiresistive | [58] |
| PANI/Pd Nanocomposite |
Methanol | 1 ppm | ~8 s/~9 s | Chemiresistive | [11] |
| Multidimensional PPy nanotubes | Ethanol | 1 ppm | < 1 s/4–5 s | Chemiresistive | [113] |
| Nanotubular PPy | Butanol Propanol Methanol Ethanol |
3 ppm for all alcohols |
Data for 10 ppm: ~200 s/>5 s ~200 s/>5 s ~150 s/5 s ~110 s/5 s |
Chemiresistive | [53] |
| Nanofibrillar PANI |
Butanol Propanol Methanol Ethanol |
3 ppm for all alcohols |
Data for 10 ppm: ~100 s/not completely recovered ~80 s/not completely recovered ~80 s/~15 s ~80 s/~15 s |
Chemiresistive | [53] |
| Au/PPy nanorods | Benzene Toluene Acetic acid |
10 ppm for all analytes |
20 s/40 s | Optical based on localized surface plasmon resonance | [10] |
| PPy coated quartz fibres | Methanol Ethanol Acetone Toluene Chloroform Isopropyl alcohol |
1 ppm for methanol 10–30 ppm for other VOC |
Data for 286 ppm of methanol: 200 s/400 s. Data for 6 ppm of methanol: 100 s/200 s. |
Optical based on reflectance | [130] |
| Al/PPy/Au/ dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid diodes | Methanol | 20 ppm | 10 min/6 h | Capacitive | [131] |
| PPy films on n-silicon | Acetone | 10 ppm | -/- | Capacitive | [132] |
| Single PPy nanowire | Heptanal Acetophenone Isopropyl myristate 2-Propanol |
8.982 ppm 798 ppb 134 ppm 129.5 ppm |
-/- | Chemiresistive | [133] |
| PPy film on gold IDE/FR4 | Acetone Ethanol Isopropyl alcohol |
- | -/- | Impedance | [102] |
| PPy film on gold | Methanol Acetone Ethyl acetate Ethanol |
- | ~100 s/~50 s | Impedance | [103] |