Table 1.
Comparing study participants’ characteristics across 4 racial/ethnic groups
| Hispanic (n = 277) | Non-Hispanic Black (n = 361) | Non-Hispanic White (n = 369) | Other (n = 56)* | P-value** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OAHMQ total score: mean ± SD | 7.2 ± 4.5 | 6.6 ± 4.5 | 6.6 ± 5.1 | 6.7 ± 4.7 | 0.374 |
| PMD: n (%) | 0.475 | ||||
| No | 202 (76.5) | 271 (80.2) | 262 (76.2) | 46 (82.1) | |
| Yes | 62 (23.5) | 67 (19.8) | 82 (23.8) | 10 (17.9) | |
| Sex: n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Male | 228 (82.6) | 289 (80.1) | 227 (61.5) | 45 (76.3) | |
| Female | 48 (17.4) | 72 (19.9) | 142 (38.5) | 14 (23.7) | |
| Chronological age: mean ± SD | 44.3 ± 12.6 | 46.0 ± 11.5 | 49.3 ± 13.2 | 49.4 ± 13.0 | <0.001 |
| Marital status: n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Married | 65 (23.5) | 72 (19.9) | 144 (39.0) | 19 (32.2) | |
| Other | 212 (76.5) | 289 (80.1) | 225 (61.0) | 40 (67.8) | |
| Employment status: n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Employed | 37 (13.7) | 33 (9.6) | 95 (26.9) | 6 (10.9) | |
| Other | 233 (86.3) | 312 (90.4) | 258 (73.1) | 49 (89.1) | |
| Smoking: n (%) | 0.001 | ||||
| No | 216 (78.0) | 245 (67.9) | 295 (80.0) | 42 (71.2) | |
| Yes | 61 (22.0) | 116 (32.1) | 74 (20.0) | 17 (28.8) | |
| Binge drinking: n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 185 (66.8) | 274 (75.9) | 311 (84.3) | 49 (83.1) | |
| Yes | 92 (33.2) | 87 (24.1) | 58 (15.7) | 10 (16.9) | |
| Years since injury: mean ± SD | 17.6 ± 18.5 | 15.3 ± 9.7 | 17.0 ± 15.4 | 16.6 ± 13.1 | 0.044 |
| Injury Severity: n (%) | 0.002 | ||||
| Non-ambulatory,C1–4 levels | 16 (5.8) | 41 (11.4) | 42 (11.4) | 9 (15.3) | |
| Non-ambulatory,C5–8 levels | 54 (19.5) | 90 (24.9) | 113 (30.6) | 12 (20.3) | |
| Non-ambulatory, other levels | 164 (59.2) | 173 (47.9) | 175 (47.4) | 28 (47.5) | |
| All ambulatory | 43 (15.5) | 57 (15.8) | 39 (10.6) | 10 (16.9) | |
| Cause of injury: n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Violence | 134 (48.9) | 121 (33.8) | 10 (2.7) | 6 (10.3) | |
| Transportation | 88 (32.1) | 150 (41.9) | 202 (54.9) | 35 (60.4) | |
| Other | 52 (19.0) | 87 (24.3) | 156 (42.4) | 17 (29.3) | |
| Depression/stress relief medication usage: n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 196 (72.3) | 268 (78.6) | 213 (59.0) | 40 (72.7) | |
| Yes | 75 (27.7) | 73 (21.4) | 148 (41.0) | 15 (27.3) | |
| Fatigue impact score: mean ± SD | 7.1 ± 4.9 | 4.1 ± 3.9 | 4.2 ± 4.1 | 4.9 ± 4.5 | <0.001 |
| Pain interference score: mean ± SD | 23.5 ± 20.2 | 19.2 ± 18.8 | 20.6 ± 18.8 | 18.8 ± 18.9 | 0.047 |
*We classified American Indian, Asian, Native Hawaiian, and those self-reported as being "more than one race" into this category because of their small sample sizes.
**χ2 test for categorical variables, and ANOVA test for continuous variables.