Table 1.
Demographic, Laboratory, and Echocardiographic Characteristics of the Study Population at Baseline
| Variable | Overall | KNO3 | Placebo |
|---|---|---|---|
| n=12 | n=9 | n=3 | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 62.5 (5.8) | 62.4 (5.5) | 62.7 (8.0) |
| Male, n (%) | 4 (33.3) | 3 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| White | 8 (66.7) | 5 (55.6) | 3 (100) |
| African-American | 3 (25.0) | 3 (33.3) | 0 (0) |
| Pacific Islander | 1 (8.3) | 1 (11.1) | 0 (0) |
| NYHA Class, n (%) | |||
| Class II | 10 (83.3) | 8 (88.9) | 2 (66.7) |
| Class III | 2 (16.7) | 1 (11.1) | 1 (33.3) |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 34.4 (7.0) | 33.4 (6.3) | 37.4 (9.9) |
| Obese, n (%) | 8 (66.7) | 5 (55.6) | 3 (100) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 12 (100) | 9 (100) | 3 (100) |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 10 (83.3) | 7 (77.8) | 3 (100) |
| Coronary Artery Disease, n (%) | 4 (33.3) | 3 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) |
| History of Atrial Fibrillation, n (%) | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (33.3) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 7 (58.3) | 5 (55.6) | 2 (66.7) |
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea, n (%) | 6 (50.0) | 3 (33.3) | 3 (100) |
| Current CPAP use, n (%) | 5 (41.7) | 2 (22.2) | 3 (100) |
| Obstructive Lung Disease, n (%) | 3 (25.0) | 2 (22.2) | 1 (33.3) |
| Medical Therapy | |||
| Beta-Blockers, n (%) | 9 (75.0) | 7 (77.8) | 2 (66.7) |
| Ace-I/ARB, n (%) | 9 (75.0) | 7 (77.8) | 2 (66.7) |
| Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists, n (%) | 3 (25.0) | 2 (22.2) | 1 (33.3) |
| Calcium-Channel Blockers, n (%) | 4 (33.3) | 3 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) |
| Loop Diuretics, n (%) | 9 (75.0) | 7 (77.8) | 2 (66.7) |
| Thiazide Diuretics, n (%) | 4 (33.3) | 3 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) |
| Statin, n (%) | 7 (58.3) | 5 (55.6) | 2 (66.7) |
| Baseline Laboratories | |||
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2), mean (SD) | 69.4 (12.6) | 71.0 (14.1) | 64.7 (5.9) |
| eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73m2, n(%) | 4 (33.3) | 3 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) |
| NT-pro-BNP (pg/mL), mean (SD) | 111.0 (89.0) | 108.3 (94.7) | 119 (87.0) |
| Elevated NT-pro-BNP, n (%) | 5 (41.7) | 3 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL), mean (SD) | 13.6 (0.8) | 13.6 (0.8) | 13.5 (1.0) |
| Methemoglobin (%), mean (SD) | 1.0 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.5) |
| Baseline Echocardiographic Data (mean, SD) | |||
| LV Mass (g) | 172.32 (66.36) | 174.43 (77.09) | 165.98 (19.27) |
| LV Mass Index (g/m2), mean (SD) | 78.88 (22.46) | 79.78 (26.01) | 76.18 (7.33) |
| Relative Wall Thickness | 0.47 (0.09) | 0.47 (0.09) | 0.46 (0.09) |
| Mitral Early Inflow Velocity (E; cm/s) | 77.33 (21.91) | 74.53 (24.75) | 85.73 (7.04) |
| Mitral Atrial Inflow Velocity (cm/s) | 75.21 (20.99) | 70.74 (20.06) | 88.61 (21.28) |
| Septal Tissue Doppler Early Velocity (e’; mm/s) | 76.41 (19.26) | 70.64 (12.45) | 93.71 (28.65) |
| Septal E/e’ Ratio | 10.42 (3.40) | 10.70 (3.76) | 9.60 (2.39) |
| Left Atrial Volume Index (mL/m2) | 27.74 (7.15) | 27.20 (7.87) | 29.38 (5.33) |
| Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (%) | 64.23 (9.27) | 65.84 (7.74) | 59.41 (13.66) |
NYHA = New York Heart Association; CPAP = continuous positive airway pressure; ACE-I = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; elevated NT-pro-BNP defined as >125 pg/mL; eGFR calculated using the MDRD formula