Table 1.
Comparison of Ann Arbor, Lugano, and Paris (TNM) classification systems.
| Ann Arbor staging system | Lugano classification | Paris classification (TNM) | Lymphoma extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IE1 | Confined to mucosa, submucosa | Stage I | T1–T3N0M0 | Confined to GI tract (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and serosa) |
| IE2 | Confined to the stomach, invasion of the muscularis and/or serosa | |||
|
| ||||
| IIE1 | Involvement of the stomach and contiguous lymph nodes | Stage II II1: local nodal involvement II2: distant nodal involvement |
T1–T3N1M0 T1–T3N2M0 |
Extending into the abdomen |
| IIE2 | Involvement of the stomach and noncontiguous subdiaphragmatic lymph nodes | Perigastric lymph nodes | ||
| More distant regional lymph nodes | ||||
|
| ||||
| IIIE | Involvement of the stomach and lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm | Stage III | T4N0M0 | Penetrating of serosa and adjacent organs |
| T1–T4N3M0 | Lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm | |||
|
| ||||
| IVE | Hematogenous spread | Stage IV | T1–T4N0–N3M1 | Distant metastasis (e.g., bone marrow) |